Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - permitted and prohibited foods, menus

The pressing problem of modern people is allergies. This is a type of body response to the action of a special substance called an allergen. Someone finds it while breathing, while eating or in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

Is the diet hypoallergenic

In medicine, an allergy is a condition in which there is an increase in sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body considers a harmless substance as an antigen. Even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen, large amounts of IgE are produced. Mechanism of formation of allergic reactions:

1. IgE immunoglobulin, after the first contact with an allergen, detects it and combines with mast cells and basophils (immune system cells).
2. The result is complex. It consists of allergens, IgE, and mast cells or basophils.
3. Complex with basophils with blood flow penetrates into different organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells it remains immobile.
4. After re -entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are needed to combat irritants.

Histamine with serotonin and causes allergic reactions: smooth muscle spasm and capillary expansion, which leads to blood thickening and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, diet must be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in raising birds and animals (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• product exclusions that include cross -allergens and causes;
• eat only fresh produce;
• rejection of histaminoliberators - products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restrictions in animal protein diets;
• exclusion of preservatives and products with dyes, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried foods, spicy and salty, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers - foods with high levels of histamine in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For allergy sufferers, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet No. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough for the permanent disappearance of allergic manifestations. In the future, the diet is built taking into account the following principles:

• When symptoms start to subside, you can switch from antiallergenic foods to a less strict diet and gradually expand your diet with foods with moderate allergen activity.
• First, low -fat boiled white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compote were introduced.
• Throughout the diet, food is boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• The diet should be complete in terms of protein, fat and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal dietary option is fractional, where the number of servings per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are strictly prohibited: sweets, honey, jams, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, then all important causative allergens must be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, watermelon, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented dairy products.
• All dishes containing allergen products are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if the reaction manifests itself in eggs, then you need to give up cream, mayonnaise, casserole, rich flour products.

Guidance

Dieting is not only effective for food allergies. Special diets help reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicine, fungi, pollen, household). On a diet, a person reduces the risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• itching;
• gastrointestinal tract pathology, in which the process of nutrient assimilation is disrupted;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first course, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. He must be weak, i. e. after 1-2 boils, drain the water. It is allowed to add a variety of garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. From fermented dairy products, you can use fresh low -fat cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fat, you need to include sunflower or olive oil in the diet. Pasta can only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Protein per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
Brinjal	24	0. 1	4. 5	1, 2
Zucchini	24	0. 3	4. 6	0. 6
cucumber	15	0. 1	2. 8	0. 8
Cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Squash	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0. 9
Lentils	284	1. 5	42. 7	24. 0
garlic	143	0. 5	29. 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1. 4
beans	123	0. 5	21. 5	7. 8
Bijirin
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59. 5	12. 3
Room	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Bijirin	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
fruits
pic	46	0. 1	11. 3	0. 9
Nectarine	48	0. 2	11. 8	0. 9
Apple	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
pears	42	0. 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy product
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
Buttermilk 0. 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0. 0	25. 0
Boiled beef	254	16. 8	0. 0	25. 8
Boil the beef	232	18. 3	0. 0	16. 8
A fish
flounder	90	3. 0	0. 0	15. 7
Halibut	103	3. 0	0. 0	18. 9
Cod	69	0. 6	0. 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0. 8
Drinks
Rosehip juice	70	0. 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited food

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat soups. It is also necessary to refrain from hypoallergenic diets from fatty types of red meat, chicken (goose and duck), whole milk, and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, shellfish, shrimp). The same goes for all salty foods, pickles, canned foods. The ban also includes:

• red currant;
• lemon, mango, grape, grapefruit, pomegranate, banana, orange, tangerine;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jams, candies, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• goat, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, lard;
• semi -finished fish and canned food, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• butter margarine, coconut and palm oil;
• white desserts and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liquor;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberries.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help reduce allergies when eating a hypoallergenic diet. In it, you can record the food or dish used for the diet and the reaction to it. Because of this, it is possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. In addition, the diary makes it easy to keep track of the diversity of your diet. This is important because scientists have found that with the same menu, the chances of getting allergies are higher. In the diary, you can set several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

The hypoallergenic menu for children is built according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - with long -term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of protein, carbohydrate and micronutrient deficiencies. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used depending on the health condition for 7-10 days only for starters. Then the doctor chooses individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu options	Breakfast	dinner	dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apples, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed pieces of meat with boiled vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with boiled potatoes, tea.
2	Oat flakes in water, dry crackers.	Beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steamed beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean beef, berry jelly.	Boil chicken with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, then adults can follow it longer-up to 2-3 weeks. The menu in both cases has almost no difference, because the same list of anti-allergy products is used for its construction. Diet choices for the day for adults:

Menu Options	Breakfast	dinner	dinner
1	Buckwheat mashed porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apples.	Cut steamed chicken, vegetable soup, rosehip soup.	Vinaigrette, tea with nutritional biscuits.
2	Semolina porridge over water, low -fat fresh cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuits.	Cuts of meat, vegetable soup with oatmeal, tea with biscuit biscuits.	Pure nuts, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Pieces of beef, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cut, rosehip soup.

Hypoallergenic recipe

The basic principle for choosing a recipe is that ready meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparation methods help reduce the allergenic activity of the materials used. Fruits and vegetables are also better eaten not raw, but boiled or roasted.

First

Especially soups are included in the list of first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to soak it first in cold water. It takes several hours to reduce the amount of starch in vegetables. Soup stock should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with oatmeal

The peculiarity of this soup lies in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes with it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. The leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are shown not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• garlic - 0. 5-1 pcs. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• grated chopped wheat (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• air - 1. 5-1. 6 l;
• potatoes - 3 pcs. ;
• dill or other vegetables - 1 branch;
• garlic cloves - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip bulgur into it.
2. Next, chop the peeled potatoes and add to the soup.
3. Peel an onion, finely chop, add the other ingredients.
4. Rinse the celery, dip in the broth.
5. After boiling again, reduce the heat.
6. Simmer for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Remove some potatoes, mash and return.
8. Rinse the cabbage leaves, dry, chop and put in the soup that is almost ready.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the vegetables and cloves of garlic, seasoning the soup with it.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimal amount of food. This soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in soup are practically tasteless, because they are boiled. Due to the fact that the vegetables are placed at the beginning of cooking, the meat turns out very tasty. It is permissible to replace chicken with lean beef, but this will make the soup a little fatter, and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onions - 1 pc. ;
• vegetables - according to your taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potatoes - 4-5 pcs. ;
• air - 4 l.

Cooking method:

1. Pour the well -washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the husk, finely chop, put in the soup.
5. Reduce heat, cook for 30-40 minutes until meat is ready, then remove, chop and send back.
6. Cook the vermicelli separately in a little salted water. This is necessary to prevent the gravy from becoming cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse, and chop the potatoes. Dip slices into soup, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main course is also vegetables or meat. Pieces of meat, dumplings, meatballs and meatballs are mostly steamed. Meats can be mashed, goulash and even beef stroganoff or soufflé. In the recipe for the final dish, the minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, egg yolks and whipped whites. Soufflé is already perfect for the stage when you start to introduce foods gradually with moderate allergenic levels. Vegetables can be served as a side dish to meat, but they are only boiled, stewed or roasted, because frying increases the allergies of the substance.

Cabbage puree and zucchini soup

The advantage of puree soup is a homogeneous soft consistency, because the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. Incredible combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetables have a neutral taste and are therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs. ;
• onion heads - 1 pc. ;
• celery - 5–7 stalks;
• parsley - 1–2 branches;
• weak water or vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low -fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including celery.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables in the bottom of the pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil, simmer until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the pot, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a few minutes.
6. While serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

steam dumplings

Knee is understood as one type of dumpling - small balls prepared on the basis of minced meat from fish, chicken or other meats. The difference between the dumpling mass and the cut mass is that it is more fluffy and soft. For this reason, dumplings are more suitable for children's hypoallergenic diets and diets. Another feature of such dishes is steaming, which causes the meat to retain more vitamins. In addition, steam quenching is more easily digested by the stomach.

Ingredients:

• low -fat milk - 2 tbsp;
• egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• whole wheat bread - 1 piece.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of the whole portion of milk, leave for half an hour.
2. At this time, mince the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, put in the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Mix the resulting mass thoroughly, add the egg whites.
5. Pour in the remaining milk.
6. Shape the minced meat into medium balls and place in a steamed dish. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are prohibited with a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with sweets. You just have to cook it properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruit, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented milk products are not sour. Ordinary pears, cut into slices or ground to a puree state, will add a sweet taste to them. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of permitted fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert. They are also combined with cottage cheese - it turns out delicious and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with high levels of allergen activity, it is not recommended to use them with hypoallergenic diets, especially for children. Casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour is also easily replaced with semolina, which will give the dish a dense consistency. To add sweetness, it is permissible to add any hypoallergenic fruit to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, i. e. after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pear - 3 pcs. ;
• low -fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 tsp;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l. ;
• kefir or yogurt without any additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, in which to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereal, sugar. Messed up again.
3. Wash pears, peel, finely chop.
4. Add the fruit to the curd mass, stir, transfer to a greased baking sheet.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular diet and at the same time hypoallergenic dessert. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruit, it can be burned. It will be not only delicious, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so delicacies are prepared quickly and easily. To make the dessert more useful, you can include fruit with cottage cheese. Don’t just use recipes where honey must be added in the apples.

Ingredients:

• apples - 3 pcs. ;
• sour cream with a low percentage of fat - 2 tbsp. l. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - at the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is formed.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place the fruit on a baking sheet, send to bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.